ISO Standard for Faecal Measurements

There are several ISO standards related to faecal measurements and analysis. Here are the key standards:

ISO 7899-2: This standard outlines a method for the detection and enumeration of intestinal enterococci in water, specifically using membrane filtration. It is applicable to various water types, including drinking water and swimming pool water, and focuses on counting faecal enterococci such as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. This method is particularly useful for assessing water quality and potential faecal contamination 

ISO 31800:2020: This standard specifies requirements and test methods for community-scale resource recovery faecal sludge treatment units. It addresses performance, safety, operability, and maintainability of these units, which primarily treat faecal sludge from human excreta. The standard does not specify the characteristics of the faecal sludge but ensures that treatment units can operate effectively in non-sewered environments

ISO 16649-1: This standard provides a method for enumerating Escherichia coli in food and animal feeding stuffs, which can also relate to faecal measurements in environmental contexts. It uses chromogenic agar for detection and is part of broader efforts to monitor faecal contamination in various settings 

These standards are crucial for ensuring reliable measurements and assessments related to faecal contamination in water and waste treatment processes.

Fatbergs on Sydney Beaches

In October 2024, Sydney's beaches were invaded by mysterious black balls, initially thought to be tar from an oil spill. However, scientific analysis revealed that these were actually fatbergs, a term used to describe congealed masses of waste typically found in sewer systems. The composition of these fatbergs included a disturbing mix of human faeces, food waste, cooking oils, hair, and even illicit drugs like methamphetamine.

Fatbergs form when various types of waste accumulate and congeal in sewer systems. This process is exacerbated by the introduction of fats and greases from household products such as cooking oils, soaps, and skincare items. As these substances mix with other organic materials and debris, they create solid masses that can block sewage systems.

The exact source of the fatbergs washing ashore remains unclear. Investigations by the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority indicated that these black balls likely originated from a mixed waste source, involving numerous materials from urban runoff or sewage overflow.

Despite extensive testing, authorities have not pinpointed a specific cause or location for the contamination. However, they confirmed that there were no operational issues with local wastewater facilities at the time of the incidents.

The presence of fatbergs on beaches poses significant public health risks due to their foul odour and potential contamination. Beaches such as Bondi and Coogee were temporarily closed to ensure public safety while clean-up efforts were undertaken.

The discovery has prompted ongoing research to understand better the environmental impacts and sources of such waste formations in urban areas. In summary, the black balls on Sydney's beaches are a result of complex urban waste management issues, highlighting the need for better infrastructure to handle sewage and prevent similar occurrences in the future.